It appears that there is no one right way to prepare for runs. The prevailing thinking has evolved considerably over the past 50 years for elite level running. In the past, maximum volume seemed to be the highest priority, but many elite runners are reducing their mileage, increasing cross training, and incorporating more high intensity training. Additional mileage increases the risk of injury, so one principle seems to be to run the minimum mileage to achieve your particular objective. For instance, maybe 6x800m intervals (or whatever) is sufficient to stimulate the desired training response, whereas 8x800 wouldn't accomplish enough to justify the additional impact and injury risk.
A useful, though not definitive or comprehensive, reference is Daniels' Running Formula, originally published in 1998. It provides an overview of concepts, many of which you will be familiar with, like specificity of training, incremental increase, managing injuries, and different zones of training. It also provides several marathon training plans that you might use as a starting point.
This blog post briefly summarizes the book.
Good luck with your training!